ASPIDE: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Id aim7.jpg|thumb|AIM-7 Sparrow]]
'''Aspide''' (the Italian name for the asp) is an Italian medium range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile produced by Selenia (then by Alenia Aeronautica, now a part of Leonardo S.p.A.). It is provided with semi-active radar homing seeker. It is very similar to the American AIM-7 Sparrow, using the same airframe, but uses an inverse monopulse seeker that is far more accurate and much less susceptible to ECM than the original conical scanning version.
The '''AIM-7 Sparrow''' (Air Intercept Missile) is an American, medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile operated by the United States Air Force, United States Navy, and United States Marine Corps, as well as other various air forces and navies. Sparrow and its derivatives were the West's principal beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missile from the late 1950s until the 1990s. It remains in service, although it is being phased out in aviation applications in favor of the more advanced AIM-120 AMRAAM.


The early Sparrow was intended primarily for use against larger targets, especially bombers and had numerous operational limitations in other uses. Against smaller targets, the need to receive a strong reflected radar signal made achieving lock-on at the missile's effective range difficult. As the launching aircraft's own radar needed to be pointed at the target throughout the engagement, this meant that in fighter-vs-fighter combat, the enemy fighter would often approach within the range of shorter-range infrared homing missiles while the launching aircraft had to continue flying towards its target. Additionally, early models were only effective against targets at roughly the same or higher altitudes, below which reflections from the ground became a problem.
This resemblance, and that Selenia was provided with the technology know-how of the AIM-7 (around 1,000 of which it had produced under licence), has generally led non-Italian press to refer to the Aspide as a Sparrow variant. However, the Aspide had original electronics and warhead, and a new and more powerful engine. Closed-loop hydraulics were also substituted for Sparrow's open-loop type, which gave Aspide better downrange maneuverability. Even the control surfaces are different, replacing the original triangular wings, fixed in the air-to-air and instead foldable in the surface-to-air version, to a newly designed common cropped delta fixed version.


A number of upgraded Sparrow designs were developed to address these issues. In the early 1970s, the RAF developed a version with an inverse monopulse seeker<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup> and improved motor known as Skyflash, while the Italian Air Force introduced the similar Aspide. Both had the ability to be fired at targets below the launching fighter ("look-down, shoot down"), were more resistant to countermeasures, and were much more accurate in the terminal phase. This basic concept was then made part of the US Sparrows in the M model (for monopulse) and some of these were later updated as the P model, the last to be produced in the US. Aspides sold to China resulted in the locally produced PL-11. The Japan Self-Defense Forces also employ the Sparrow missile, though it is being phased out and replaced by the Mitsubishi AAM-4.
A similar design is the UK's Skyflash, which entered service about the same time. The US's own Sparrow fleet also added a monopulse seeker in the AIM-7M versions of 1982.
 
The Sparrow was also used as the basis for a surface-to-air missile, the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, used by a number of navies for air defense. Fired at low altitude and flying directly at its target, although, the range of the missile in this role is greatly reduced due to the lower atmosphere. With the retirement of the Sparrow in the air-to-air role, a new version of the Sea Sparrow was produced to address this concern, producing the larger and more capable RIM-162 ESSM.


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Revision as of 22:46, 7 January 2023

Aspide (the Italian name for the asp) is an Italian medium range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile produced by Selenia (then by Alenia Aeronautica, now a part of Leonardo S.p.A.). It is provided with semi-active radar homing seeker. It is very similar to the American AIM-7 Sparrow, using the same airframe, but uses an inverse monopulse seeker that is far more accurate and much less susceptible to ECM than the original conical scanning version.

This resemblance, and that Selenia was provided with the technology know-how of the AIM-7 (around 1,000 of which it had produced under licence), has generally led non-Italian press to refer to the Aspide as a Sparrow variant. However, the Aspide had original electronics and warhead, and a new and more powerful engine. Closed-loop hydraulics were also substituted for Sparrow's open-loop type, which gave Aspide better downrange maneuverability. Even the control surfaces are different, replacing the original triangular wings, fixed in the air-to-air and instead foldable in the surface-to-air version, to a newly designed common cropped delta fixed version.

A similar design is the UK's Skyflash, which entered service about the same time. The US's own Sparrow fleet also added a monopulse seeker in the AIM-7M versions of 1982.

Real World against Arma
Detail Real ARMA Config Value
Weapon Type MRAAM weaponType = "x";
Mass 230 230 mag: mass = "n";
Warhead Mass 40Kg 250 ammo: hit = "n";
Warhead Type HE Blast Frag WDU-33/B HE ammo: warheadName = "x";
Fuse Type Prox/impact NOTE: No Direct Arma value
Fuse Range 3-5m 30 ammo: proximityExplosionDistance = n;
Seeker Semi Active Radar Datalink /Active Radar See class component type
Auto Seek Target No No ammo: autoseektarget = n; (0 or 1)
Counter Measure Immunity Med 0.80 ammo: cmimmunity = n; (Range 0 > 1)
Camera View Available No No ammo: cameraViewAvailable = n; (0 or 1)
Flight Profile N/A N/A ammo: flightProfiles[] = {"<TYPE>"};
BoreSight Angle 70 55 ammo: missileLockCone = n; (Degrees)
Max Speed (m/s) 1372 800 ammo: maxSpeed = n; (n= m/s)
Min Range 1000 800 ammo: minRange = n; (Dist in m)
Max Range 14000 10000 ammo: maxRange = n; (Dist in m)
Indirect Hit Value 125 ammo: indirectHit = 50;
Indirect Hit Range 13 ammo: indirectHitRange = n; (m)
Maneuverability 35G 23 ammo: maneuvrability = n; (Higher = more agile)
Danger Radius Hit N/A ammo: DangerRadiusHit = n; (Dist for AI aware in m)
Suppression Radius Hit N/A ammo: SuppresionRadiusHit = n; (Dist for AI suppresion in m)
Pylon/Rail LAU127 N/A See Hardpoint below


ARMA Class details
Ammo Mag Weapon Hardpoint
rksl_amo_aim7 rksl_mag_aim7_x1_direct rksl_wpn_aim7 AIM7_DIRECT
rksl_mag_aim7_x1_lau127 AIM7_LAU127
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